Back in the days before projectors had the nifty zoom feature, the mounting location was determined by figuring the throw distance for a certain screen size (usually width as opposed to diagonal measurement), which usually gave you a mount location +/- a few inches, depending on your particular projectors focus range. In this case, it is the ultimate size of the screen that determines image brightness, not the throw distance.
Remember, that your projectors bulb is the ONLY source of light for the image, and within the constraints of a typical home venue, the projector mounting distance doesnt really affect image brightness as much as other factors, such as screen material choice, ambient lighting, etc.
When I mount a newer projector that has is flexible in placement, I tend to keep it more towards the farthest of allowable throw distances, for two reasons. The first is noise.....some projectors are somewhat noisy and having this noise overhead or in front of a viewer is distracting (some newer projectors also run quite hot). The second reason is that the farther from the screen you place the projector, the less of a projection angle you have to offset (image keystone). If your projector is ceiling mounted (or floor) and fairly close to the screen, the image will skewed and you will have to correct this. Some projectors do the correcting in the optical train but others handle it in the digital realm and extreme keystone angles can induce image artifacts you would have to live with. Last thing to consider is your projectors mounted height......for a particular throw distance, some projectors have to be within a certain vertical measurement of screen center (measured vertically from the ceiling.) You dont want to wind up in a situation where in a room with an 8 foot ceiling, your projector has a vertical drop of more than a few inches.
Personally, I'd take the median throw distance and see if that works in your viewing room. That way, you would have an easy image setup, and future flexibility in case you move your screen or seating.
But to answer your basic question....No, a closer mounting position wont maximize your perceived brightness. In a very large venue it could be a factor but in the average home viewing environment it would be unmeasureable.
Tj