JansZens and dipoles
FWIW, when I questioned Mr Janszen on his design he replied that they are still a 'di-pole' design but with a curved and insulated rear to absorb the rear-wave thus providing ease of set-up.............so.........what does that make them....an electrostatic hybrid......"in a box" ??
Hi, Twitch54. Please allow me to elaborate ad nauseam on my original answer to your question.
Essentially, all raw drivers are dipoles, not just ESLs, in that they all have a front and rear to their vibrating surfaces, and thus radiate in both directions out of phase. Most cone drivers are fully enclosed, which makes the finished speakers what some call monopoles. Some cone drivers are mounted in open baffles, which makes those finished speakers at least partially dipolar.
All ESLs except ours are mounted in open baffles, which makes the finished speakers dipoles. JansZen's designs absorb the back-wave in a separate enclosure within the main enclosure. This makes them monopoles, more like conventional box speakers.
Aside from the use of exceptional ESL panels, a JansZen speaker's performance is improved relative to most box speakers, partly because they are lines with narrow vertical dispersion, while the two way ESL array provides controlled lateral dispersion. This helps tame room effects, sharpens the image by eliminating 1st reflections from side wall splash, eliminates interference effects from floor and ceiling reflections, keeps the spectrum uniform throughout the room, and widens the sweet spot to include the entire area between the speakers and beyond.
Part of the benefit of a full enclosure is ease of setup, yes, including placement near the rear wall if desired. Full enclosure also means there will be no comb filtering from interference between the back-wave, the reflected back-wave, and the front-wave. Last but not least, it lets us critically damp the membrane motion, which maintains the fidelity of transient tails and prevents membrane breakup at high SPL, which is impossible with see-through ESLs or other undamped planar speakers.
The curvature of the back is to convert internal pressure waves from the woofers into shear forces in the back plate, which eliminates the possibility of flexure of the back plate. Normal boxes tend to apply substantial flexural forces on wide, flat spans of enclosure material, which requires heavy bracing to control.
Thanks for bringing it up!