an interesting video if you haven't seen it ....................
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNVZ8Pg3poo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNVZ8Pg3poo
Very cool Dave - but it must be asked - is all that esoterica actually make a better valve than a factory-made one?
I'm guessing it does, for sure it's packaged better ! FWIW, remember, not all tubes are in fact 'valves'. A tube must have at least one 'grid' (triode for example) to be considered a 'valve', thus a diode is technically not a valve.